What is Hadoop ? - Big Data Overview

Due to the advent of new technologies, devices, and communication means like social networking sites, the amount of data produced by mankind is growing rapidly every year. The amount of data produced by us from the beginning of time till 2003 was 5 billion gigabytes. If you pile up the data in the form of disks it may fill an entire football field. The same amount was created in every two days in 2011, and in every ten minutes in 2013. This rate is still growing enormously. Though all this information produced is meaningful and can be useful when processed, it is being neglected.
90% of the world’s data was generated in the last few years.

What is Big Data?

Big data means really a big data, it is a collection of large datasets that cannot be processed using traditional computing techniques. Big data is not merely a data, rather it has become a complete subject, which involves various tools, technqiues and frameworks.

What Comes Under Big Data?

Big data involves the data produced by different devices and applications. Given below are some of the fields that come under the umbrella of Big Data.

Black Box Data : It is a component of helicopter, airplanes, and jets, etc. It captures voices of the flight crew, recordings of microphones and earphones, and the performance information of the aircraft.

Social Media Data : Social media such as Facebook and Twitter hold information and the views posted by millions of people across the globe.

Stock Exchange Data : The stock exchange data holds information about the ‘buy’ and ‘sell’ decisions made on a share of different companies made by the customers.

Power Grid Data : The power grid data holds information consumed by a particular node with respect to a base station.

Transport Data : Transport data includes model, capacity, distance and availability of a vehicle.

Search Engine Data : Search engines retrieve lots of data from different databases.

Thus Big Data includes huge volume, high velocity, and extensible variety of data. The data in it will be of three types.

Structured data : Relational data.

Semi Structured data : XML data.

Unstructured data : Word, PDF, Text, Media Logs.

Benefits of Big Data

Big data is really critical to our life and its emerging as one of the most important technologies in modern world. Follow are just few benefits which are very much known to all of us:

Using the information kept in the social network like Facebook, the marketing agencies are learning about the response for their campaigns, promotions, and other advertising mediums.

Using the information in the social media like preferences and product perception of their consumers, product companies and retail organizations are planning their production.

Using the data regarding the previous medical history of patients, hospitals are providing better and quick service.

Big Data Technologies

Big data technologies are important in providing more accurate analysis, which may lead to more concrete decision-making resulting in greater operational efficiencies, cost reductions, and reduced risks for the business.

To harness the power of big data, you would require an infrastructure that can manage and process huge volumes of structured and unstructured data in realtime and can protect data privacy and security.

There are various technologies in the market from different vendors including Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, etc., to handle big data. While looking into the technologies that handle big data, we examine the following two classes of technology:

Operational Big Data

This include systems like MongoDB that provide operational capabilities for real-time, interactive workloads where data is primarily captured and stored.

NoSQL Big Data systems are designed to take advantage of new cloud computing architectures that have emerged over the past decade to allow massive computations to be run inexpensively and efficiently. This makes operational big data workloads much easier to manage, cheaper, and faster to implement.

Some NoSQL systems can provide insights into patterns and trends based on real-time data with minimal coding and without the need for data scientists and additional infrastructure.

Analytical Big Data

This includes systems like Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) database systems and MapReduce that provide analytical capabilities for retrospective and complex analysis that may touch most or all of the data.

MapReduce provides a new method of analyzing data that is complementary to the capabilities provided by SQL, and a system based on MapReduce that can be scaled up from single servers to thousands of high and low end machines.

These two classes of technology are complementary and frequently deployed together.

Operational vs. Analytical Systems
OperationalAnalytical
Latency 1 ms - 100 ms 1 min - 100 min
Concurrency 1000 - 100,000 1 - 10
Access Pattern Writes and Reads Reads
Queries Selective Unselective
Data Scope Operational Retrospective
End User Customer Data Scientist
Technology NoSQL MapReduce, MPP Database

Big Data Challenges

The major challenges associated with big data are as follows:

Capturing data
Curation
Storage
Searching
Sharing
Transfer
Analysis
Presentation

To fulfill the above challenges, organizations normally take the help of enterprise servers.

Best Hadoop Training Center in Lucknow.

Best Summer Training Institute in Lucknow.

Source

What is Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

                                  

SDLC is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the overall development process.

The following figure is a graphical representation of the various stages of a typical SDLC.

                                    


A typical Software Development life cycle consists of the following stages:
STAGE 1: PLANNING AND REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Requirement analysis is the most important and fundamental stage in SDLC. It is performed by the senior members of the team with inputs from the customer, the sales department, market surveys and domain experts in the industry. This information is then used to plan the basic project approach and to conduct product feasibility study in the economical, operational, and technical areas.

Planning for the quality assurance requirements and identification of the risks associated with the project is also done in the planning stage. The outcome of the technical feasibility study is to define the various technical approaches that can be followed to implement the project successfully with minimum risks.

STAGE 2: DEFINING REQUIREMENTS

Once the requirement analysis is done the next step is to clearly define and document the product requirements and get them approved from the customer or the market analysts. This is done through .SRS. . Software Requirement Specification document which consists of all the product requirements to be designed and developed during the project life cycle.

STAGE 3: DESIGNING THE PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE

SRS is the reference for product architects to come out with the best architecture for the product to be developed. Based on the requirements specified in SRS, usually more than one design approach for the product architecture is proposed and documented in a DDS – Design Document Specification.

This DDS is reviewed by all the important stakeholders and based on various parameters as risk assessment, product robustness, design modularity , budget and time constraints , the best design approach is selected for the product.

A design approach clearly defines all the architectural modules of the product along with its communication and data flow representation with the external and third party modules (if any). The internal design of all the modules of the proposed architecture should be clearly defined with the minutest of the details in DDS.

STAGE 4: BUILDING OR DEVELOPING THE PRODUCT

In this stage of SDLC the actual development starts and the product is built. The programming code is generated as per DDS during this stage. If the design is performed in a detailed and organized manner, code generation can be accomplished without much hassle.

Developers have to follow the coding guidelines defined by their organization and programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers etc are used to generate the code. Different high level programming languages such as C, C++, Pascal, Java, and PHP are used for coding. The programming language is chosen with respect to the type of software being developed.

STAGE 5: TESTING THE PRODUCT

This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in the modern SDLC models, the testing activities are mostly involved in all the stages of SDLC. However this stage refers to the testing only stage of the product where products defects are reported, tracked, fixed and retested, until the product reaches the quality standards defined in the SRS.

STAGE 6: DEPLOYMENT IN THE MARKET AND MAINTENANCE

Once the product is tested and ready to be deployed it is released formally in the appropriate market. Sometime product deployment happens in stages as per the organizations. business strategy. The product may first be released in a limited segment and tested in the real business environment (UAT- User acceptance testing).

Then based on the feedback, the product may be released as it is or with suggested enhancements in the targeting market segment. After the product is released in the market, its maintenance is done for the existing customer base.



Constraints

A constraint is a property assigned to a column or the set of columns in a table that prevents certain types of inconsistent data values from being placed in the column(s). Constraints are used to enforce the data integrity. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the database. The following categories of the data integrity exist:
Entity Integrity
Domain Integrity
Referential integrity
User-Defined Integrity


Entity Integrity ensures that there are no duplicate rows in a table.

Domain Integrity enforces valid entries for a given column by restricting the type, the format, or the range of possible values.

Referential integrity ensures that rows cannot be deleted, which are used by other records (for example, corresponding data values between tables will be vital).

User-Defined Integrity enforces some specific business rules that do not fall into entity, domain, or referential integrity categories.

Each of these categories of the data integrity can be enforced by the appropriate constraints. 

Microsoft SQL Server supports the following constraints:

PRIMARY KEY
UNIQUE
FOREIGN KEY
CHECK
NOT NULL


A PRIMARY KEY constraint is a unique identifier for a row within a database table. Every table should have a primary key constraint to uniquely identify each row and only one primary key constraint can be created for each table. The primary key constraints are used to enforce entity integrity.


A UNIQUE constraint enforces the uniqueness of the values in a set of columns, so no duplicate values are entered. The unique key constraints are used to enforce entity integrity as the primary key constraints.


A FOREIGN KEY constraint prevents any actions that would destroy link between tables with the corresponding data values. A foreign key in one table points to a primary key in another table. Foreign keys prevent actions that would leave rows with foreign key values when there are no primary keys with that value. The foreign key constraints are used to enforce referential integrity.


A CHECK constraint is used to limit the values that can be placed in a column. The check constraints are used to enforce domain integrity.


A NOT NULL constraint enforces that the column will not accept null values. The not null constraints are used to enforce domain integrity, as the check constraints.

Sample Programs in VB

PROGRAM TO CHECK THE RANGE OF A DATATYPE

Public Class Max_Min_Values
Public Shared Sub Main()
Console.WriteLine(Integer.MaxValue)
Console.WriteLine(Integer.MinValue)
Console.WriteLine(Double.MaxValue)
Console.WriteLine(Double.MinValue)
End Sub
End Class


PROG TO DEMONSTRATE IN-BUILT ASCW AND CHRW FUNCTIONS:

Class GetAscii
Shared Sub Main()
Dim str As String = Console.ReadLine()
Dim ch As Char = CChar(str)
Dim n As Integer = AscW(ch)
Console.WriteLine(n)
End Sub
End Class


PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE IF STATEMENT

Public Class IfDemo
Shared Sub Main()
Dim a, b, c As Integer
Console.WriteLine("Enter 3 Numbers")
a = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
b = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
c = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Dim max As Integer = a
If (b > max) Then max = b
If (c > max) Then max = c
Console.WriteLine("Greatest No is " & max)
End Sub
End Class

Class IfDemo2

Public Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
If (args.Length = 0) Then
Console.WriteLine("Please provide a number")
ElseIf (Not Integer.TryParse(args(0), 0)) Then
Console.WriteLine("Not a number")
ElseIf (Integer.Parse(args(0)) Mod 2 = 0) Then
Console.WriteLine("Even number")
Else
Console.WriteLine("Odd number")
End If
End Sub
End Class


PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE SELECT STATEMENT

Public Class SelectDemo
Shared Sub Main()
Dim grade As String
Console.WriteLine("Enter a grade")
grade = Console.ReadLine()
Select Case (grade)
Case "E" , "e"
Console.WriteLine("Excellent")
Case "G" , "g"
Console.WriteLine("Good")
Case Else
Console.WriteLine("No Such Grades")
End Select
End Sub
End Class
Public Class SelectCases
Shared Sub Main()
Dim n As Integer
Console.WriteLine("Enter a Number")
n = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Select Case (n)
Case 1
Console.WriteLine("Case 1")
Case 2, 3
Console.WriteLine("Case 2,3")
Case 4 To 7
Console.WriteLine("Case 4 To 7")
Case Is < 9
Console.WriteLine("Case Is < 9") Case Is > 9
Console.WriteLine("Case Is > 9")
End Select
End Sub
End Class


PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE WHILE LOOP

Public Class WhileDemo
Shared Sub Main()
Dim marks, count, total As Integer
Dim avg as Double
Console.WriteLine("Enter 6 Subject marks")
While (count < 6)
marks = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
total += marks
count += 1
End While
avg = total / 6
Console.WriteLine("Total is " & total)
Console.WriteLine("Average is " & avg)
End Sub
End Class


PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE WHILE LOOP

Public Class WhileDemo
Shared Sub Main()
Dim marks, count, total As Integer
Dim avg as Double
Console.WriteLine("Enter 6 Subject marks")
While (count < 6)
marks = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
total += marks
count += 1
End While
avg = total / 6
Console.WriteLine("Total is " & total)
Console.WriteLine("Average is " & avg)
End Sub
End Class


PROGRAM TO GENERATE TABLE USING FOR LOOP

Class Table
Shared Sub Main()
Dim n As Integer
Console.Write("Table of: ")
n = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Dim s As String = ""
For i As Integer = 1 To 10
s &= n & "*" & i & "=" & n * i & vbCrLf
Next
Console.WriteLine(s)
End Sub
End Class


PROGRAM TO PRINT A RANGE OF NUMBERS

Dim m, n, incr As Integer
Console.Write("Enter Starting Number: ")
m = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Enter Ending Number: ")
n = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Increment By: ")
incr = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
For i As Integer = m To n Step incr
Console.WriteLine(i)
Next i


PROGRAM TO GENERATE A TRIANGLE USING FOR LOOP

Class Triangle
Public Shared Sub Main()
For i As Integer = 1 To 10
For j As Integer = 1 To i
Console.Write("*" & " ")
Next
Console.WriteLine()
Next
Dim n, m, o As Integer
For n = 10 To 1 Step -1
For o = 0 To n - 1
Console.Write(" ")
Next
For m = n To 10
Console.Write("* ")
Next
Console.WriteLine()
Next
End Sub
End Class

Class PalindromeProgram
Shared Sub Main(ByVal args As String())
Dim str As String
str = Console.ReadLine()
Dim n As Integer = str.Length
For i As Integer = 0 To n \ 2
If (str(i) <> str(n – i – 1)) Then
Console.WriteLine(“Its not a palindrome”)
Return
End If
Next
Console.WriteLine(“Its a palindrome”)
End Sub
End Class

PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE ARRAYS

Public Class Array_Example
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim ar() As Integer = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Console.WriteLine(ar.Length)
For Each tmp As Integer In ar
Console.WriteLine(tmp)
Next
ReDim ar(10)
For Each tmp As Integer In ar
Console.WriteLine(tmp)
Next
End Sub
End Class


PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE ARRAYS AND ARRAY CLASS

Class Program
Shared Sub Main()
Dim ar(-1) As Integer
While (True)
Select Case GetOption()
Case 1
ar = CreateArray()
Case 2
Array.Sort(ar)
Case 3
Array.Reverse(ar)
Case 4
PrintArray(ar)
Case 5
Console.WriteLine("Thank you")
Return
Case Else
Console.WriteLine("Invalid option")
End Select
End While
End Sub
Shared Function GetOption() As Integer
Console.WriteLine("1. Create")
Console.WriteLine("2. Sort")
Console.WriteLine("3. Reverse")
Console.WriteLine("4. Print")
Console.WriteLine("5. Exit")
Console.Write("Enter your option: ")
Return Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
End Function
Shared Function CreateArray() As Integer()
Console.Write("Enter the array length: ")
Dim n As Integer
n = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Dim ar(n - 1) As Integer
For i As Integer = 0 To n - 1
Console.Write("Enter the " & i & "th value: ")
ar(i) = CInt(Console.ReadLine())
Next
Return ar
End Function
Shared Sub PrintArray(ByVal ar As Integer())
For Each value As Integer In ar
Console.Write(value & " ")
Next
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
End Class

Best Asp.Net Training in Lucknow.

Best Dot.net Classes in Lucknow.

Source

Embedded Systems Career

Many students are not aware of the lucrative opportunities available in the field of Embedded Systems. Most graduates go after the popular “IT” industry to seek a good career. I think there are 2 reasons for this 1)lack of awareness 2) entry barrier. While studying most students may come across the name “Embedded Systems”. Apart from that they may not be aware of -“what is an embedded system”, how do they work, what knowledge and skills should be acquired to build a great career in the field of embedded systems, which companies are working in this field etc etc. If it is in the case of computer science – the industry is readily known – the lucrative IT industry. The leading companies are Microsoft,Google,Adobe (product based) and there are many smaller and medium ones. There are service based IT firms like Wipro, Infosys, Accenture,Cognizant etc. Knowledge and skills required is mainly about programming languages and technologies – like Java, Asp.net, C & C++, Python, Php etc etc.. the list goes on. Entry barrier to the IT industry is very low. Any fresher with a basic skill and knowledge can get a job in this IT industry and that too with a decent entry level salary (well, that’s not the case always!!)

When it comes to Embedded systems – do you know who all are the leading players in this industry? Let’s have a look.

Samsung – They make mobile phones and gadgets, consumer electronics like washing machine, microwave oven, television, air conditioners etc. You must know that there are “n” number of competitors for Samsung who make similar products. All these products has embedded systems – with its own hardware and software. For example:– In an air conditioner functions like – ‘intelligent room temperature control’ will be controlled by the embedded device inside the air conditioner. This embedded device will be made of a microcontroller, its associated hardware and software for intelligent temperature sensing

Siemens – They make products in the field of medical electronics and automation industry.The products will be scanner, doppler, cardiograph machines, radiology machines etc etc.. its a big list.

Bosch – They make products for automotive industry.

I just mentioned 3 companies serving 3 different industries. There are thousands of other companies in the field of embedded systems – offering various kinds of services, consultation and product building.


Now we got an idea of companies that can offer a job in embedded systems. Now lets take a look at who all can opt for a career in embedded systems. The basic requirements will be a graduation/post graduation in electronics. There are many such courses offered by various kinds of universities. I will say, easy entry is for engineering degree holders in different streams of Electronics engineering – like Electrical and electronics, Electronics and communication, Electronics and instrumentation etc. Other degree holders in electronics like Bachelor of Science (Electronics as main), Master of Science (Electronics) as main can also opt for a career in Embedded systems.


Knowledge and skills required in these areas are- Good knowledge in theory and practical of one or two micro controllers like PIC, 8051, or AVR etc. Deep and sound knowledge in programming language C – especially embedded C. Knowledge in these 2 areas will help you to get an entry level job in the field of embedded systems. The real “learning curve” will only start at your first job – where you will deal with real issues and problem solving methods. After gaining much experience from the first job (may be a 2 years) you can always switch to big companies.


The trend we see here in India is, freshers will boost their knowledge in these areas – especially in controllers and C programming by taking a good training after their graduation. The reason is an “outdated” and inefficient curriculum used by many universities in India. Even in an engineering course, there is only a single paper about microcontrollers. Most fresh graduates are unemployable in Embedded systems (unless some mavericks build their own way up learning all themselves). To supplement this, fresh graduates take 3 or 6 months additional training. This will help them to land at an entry level job, usually in a medium level company. They gain more knowledge at this job and later switch to bigger ones like Bosch, Samsung etc.


The first job you take will have a very high influence on your career. Example:- An employee working with a “Consulting type” company is likely to work his career in that direction. Where as a “Product based” company is a little different and they function in an entirely different way than a “Consulting company”. So be aware of your first job – what you learn there will decide the way your career is headed!

Best Embedded Training in Lucknow.

Best Summer Training Classes in lucknow

Source

BCA offers multiple career opportunities After 12th

A degree in computer applications gives ample scope for an excellent career development .

One program, which is a three year degree (one year less than Engineering) with various course of studies, suitable for any kind of career is, the Bachelor of Computer Application (BCA). Even though, the course content varies from one University to another, a major portion of it gives ample opportunities and scope for an excellent career development.

BCA may not be the final solution, but it is surely the best ladder to take you to the top of your career. It can help you achieve and realise your goal with a more realistic and practical approach.

BCA comprises of four divisions :

n Soft skills& Personality Development,n Basic Mathematics & Logic building,n Core computing technologies andn Project work (applying knowledge).

Most of the institutions follow this routine structure. To encourage students to take up career of their choice, some institutes in private universities have introduced certificate courses. Since, the Universities can update the syllabus, new subjects can be introduced at par with industry requirements. This can help students to keep abreast with changing technologies.

The following justification may inspire a lot of students aspiring for a non-Engineering IT career. This will also guide a lot of students to become awareof such a course which can be a stepping stone to any career of their choice.

n First, a large number of IT companies are diverting their choice from BE graduates to BCA graduates, because they claim that, BCA graduates are capable of doing the most kind of jobs that BE graduates have been doing so far. A significant point is, there are a lot of opportunities and demand in the IT industry specifically for BCA graduates, who will be sharing the work along with Engineering graduates on the same projects.

This point also gives an impression that, BCA graduates are more reliable for the jobs they have been recruited for. The Companies will start recruiting BCA freshers as soon as they step into their fifth semester. Further, the number of Engineering graduates every year in Karnataka State is counted in lakhs and their employability is hardly 15 to 20 percent. The rest of the Engineering graduates will be doing the jobs in which they are not specialised.

n Second, if you have an inclination towards Computers, you will have a lot of fun time which can fulfil your desires in three years.

n Third, a few core subjects coupled with a few certificate courses, delivers a lot of skills to elevate your interests in developing gaming software and animation. Such specialised certificate courses come handy to a BCA student over other non-IT degree student.

n Fourth, if you are looking for a descent job in software industry immediately after the BCA degree, you require developing that extra bit of programming skills. That can lead you to jobs like software developer, software test engineer etc. Further, you can also find jobs like Technical support engineer, Technical Writer, Web Designer, Software Sales Engineer and many more.

n Fifth, a few core subjects on computer networks coupled with network certifications like Cisco certified CCNA, Microsoft certified MCSE etc., can provide high paid challenging jobs and research options in Networking domain as Network Engineer, Server Administrator etc., at various levels.

n Sixth, the workshops conducted periodically on various newer technologies include Mobile Application (Apps) development, device independent programming languages, cloud computing, etc. Students are encouraged to develop mobile applications, Robot building, Web-designing and other interesting domains, outside their regular course-work. These mini projects will be a value addition in their Resume for a bright future. Any smart project may also attract Top-tier companies like Google, Facebook, Yahoo and many more, to hire you.

Seventh, if you are not a core programmer, and you still are passionate about computers, any job under the sun that requires / uses computer technologies can be yours. For instance, Banks, Fashion Designing, Sound Engineering, Advertising, Marketing, Billing & Inventory, BPO's and many other industries at various verticals, need Computers and knowledge of Computer Applications. BCA graduate has all these options open and calling.

A graduate from BCA is also eligible to join armed forces like Army, Navy and Air-force by applying for Combined Defence Services (CDS) entrance examination.Eighth, if you have a dashing plan to set-up your own enterprise, BCA degree will give that technological edge for what an entrepreneur should have. BCA, can be a foundation for pursuing MBA with a technological back-up.

As icing on the cake, the top IT companies hire BCA graduates and also encouraging them to pursue their post-graduation, MS degree from BITS-Pilani or Vellore Institute of Technology, which are fully sponsored. This will give a leading edge to BCA students to start an IT career and also continue with their higher studies from prestigious institutions. It not only gives a handsome job with salary, but also the required Post-graduation from reputed Universities and most important, experience.

A few well known colleges provide Certificate courses, some of them are mandatory and some of them are optional. Industry visits are organized for students to understand the industry culture. Some colleges conduct regular workshops, certified courses on networking, mobile application development and IT-Fests which are very popular among the student community.

Best Summer Training Institute in Lucknow.

Java Summer Training Institute in Lucknow.

Carrier Options after B-Tech from CS/IT

There are three major options after B.Tech from CS/IT branch

1. Placement(job)
2. Higher Study
3. Self employment

“B.E./B.Tech. courses in the branches of Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology (IT) will have tremendous employment opportunities in the coming years, since the IT sector is set to grow till 2020“ – Jayaprakash Gandhi (education consultant, career counsellor and analyst).

As per the Microsoft research analysis, 1.5 million software engineers would be required in the next four years. More than 90% of the placed students of self-financed engineering colleges are placed only in the IT industry.

The job opportunities are going to increase as more and more development takes place globally in the fields of IT. As you can see, IT is a very vast field which offers opportunities from Computers to Telecom, Space, Defense and many more sectors. After doing B-tech in computer science you will get lots of job options to make a blooming career. It entirely depends on you whether you want to do a job or go for higher study.

First find your Area of Interest:

 Computer Science and Engineering is a vast field where you have many opportunities. You need to take care of the following things before planning to go for job, higher study or Self employment.

1. You should decide whether what is your taste. If you found it, then things are easier.

2. Suppose you failed in figuring out your field of interest. 

Then you should get into any of the jobs in computer science field which will help you to solve this. So it will be better you find your interest and then decide to go on for any further studies. Usually students will find very hard to know about this as soon as they get out of their studies. So I suggest you to get into a job first and understand that which field suits you the most.

There are many Options after B.Tech in Computer Science and Information Technology. Here I am going to discuss some of fields which you can join after your B-Tech.

1. Jobs after B-Tech

If you want to do job then you can apply for jobs in both private and government sector. You can apply for the government sector job such as railways, civil services, education field, Job in the Defense Sector and banking. Besides these you will have lot of opportunities of appearing in recruitment drives organized by many private and public sector companies.

1. PRIVATE JOB’s : 

There are various opportunities for CS/IT B.Tech Students in Private sector. You can join software Company like Infosys, Tata Consultancy Services(TCS), and many more. Some of the software Companies are:

TCS
IBM
HCL
INFOSYS
Samsung
Accenture
Microsoft
Yahoo
Google
Satyam
Wipro
MAC Software
ORACLE
TECH MAHINDRA

There are various posts for which you can apply in most of the software companies. Some of the posts are:-

Application Development
Database Administrator
Business Systems Analyst
Computer Operator
Data Analyst
Database Manager
Computing Hardware Systems Director
Database Administrator
Data Entry Worker
Game Developer
Enterprise Architect
Hardware Designer
Network Administrator
Mainframe Systems Manager
Project Manager

2. GOVERNMENT JOB’s :

ONGC
HAL
SAIL
CDAC
ISRO
NTPC
DRDO
GAIL
BEL
BSNL
Bank – You can apply for Bank jobs like Probationary Officer and for IT-Officer and many more jobs in bank also.
Civil Sevices – You are eligible for the IAS, IPS like Civil services after graduation in Computer Science.
Central Defense Academy – You can apply for CDS. This Exam is conducted by UPSC twice in a year for recruitment in the army.

To get into a good company either public or Private sector, you should get the cut off score of the company. The following things needs to be taken care of:

1. Practice good english.

2. Practice mental ability and verbal ablity questions. Both books of R. S Agrawal is more than enough to crack any type of quantitative or verbal ability based question.

3. Analyse and solve the previous year screening question papers that companies ask.

4. Understand how to crack the Group discussion round.

5. While attending an interview, be in a formal appearance. Be sure that you clearly know each and every information written in the Resume

6. Try to get into a good company without any bond.

2. Higher Education

Higher Education options are:
Masters in Technology (M-Tech)
Masters in Business administration(MBA)

If you want to go for higher study then you can do M-tech or MBA. Nowadays postgraduate qualification is very essential for all students. With the passing of time it is going to be very competitive in all fields and a higher qualification is expected to keep one ahead of others. Due to globalization the job market has become very competitive. In order to survive in this competitive world or to get a well paid job one must has aptitude as well good education. In course of time your educational qualifications will become more and more important and you will get preference in your activities of job because of qualification.

M-Tech:

For getting into a good M-Tech college,you need to appear for GATE (Graduate Aptitude in Engineering). By scoring a very good rank in GATE you can get admission into the top colleges like IITs, NITs, BITS, IISc and many more.

Tip’s to crack GATE 2015:

Solve the previous year Gate papers

All the Basic’s should be on your figure tips that is what the Gate wants

Some of the books that are helpful for your GATE preparation:

Top Colleges for M-Tech in CSE

1) IISc Bangalore : India School of Science Bangalore

2) IIT Bombay : India Institute of Technology Bombay

3) IIT Delhi: India Institute of Technology Delhi

4) IIT Chennai: India Institute of Technology Chennai

5) IIT Kharagpur : India Institute of Technology Kharagpur

6) IIT Kanpur : India Institute of Technology Kanpur

7) IIIT Hyderabad : International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad

8) IITRoorkee : India Institute of Technology Roorkee

9) IIT Guwahati: India Institute of Technology Guwahati

10) BITS Pilani : Birla Institute of Technology Pilani

11) NIT Trichy : National Institute of Technology Trichy

12) NIT Warangal: National Institute of Technology Warangal

13) IIIT Bangalore: International Institute of Technology Bangalore

14) NIT Surathkal: National Institute of Technology Surathkal

15) MNNIT Allahabad: Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad

16) IIIT Allahabad :Indian Institute of information Technology, Allahabad

17) IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras

MBA:

If you want to go in for Management then you should do MBA (Master of Business Administration) after your B.Tech. For getting admission into the top MBA colleges of India you need to clear any of the following exams with a good percentile.
CAT
MAT
XAT
FMS
Symbiosis

3. Self Employment

Do you have dreams of being a job provider? Do you want to be your own boss? Then starting something of your own is a great option. Being your own boss does not mean you can ignore work and life would be easy. It will have ups and downs every new day. Maybe you would not get any client for the whole year. Be ready for the challenges and immense learning if you are determined to be an entrepreneur. If you are new in this field you may go for some Entrepreneurship Training program.

Computer Science Oriented Self-Employment Careers:

If you don’t want to do the job and you have computer science skills, you can launch a computer science-oriented business with little start-up capital. Below are the some fields in which you may start your business.

Mobile Apps Business

Computer science specialists with strong programming skills can develop and market mobile apps with little start-up cost. If you successfully market your apps to a mobile vendor, it will distribute your products through their app stores and return a percentage of each sale, so you can concentrate on development instead of sales.

Consider apps that solve common problems in daily life, support technical issues or address special interests. Even something as simple as a list of 101 ways to say “I Love You” has more than 100,000 downloads.

Web Based Business

As web hosting fees become less expensive, anyone with some web development skills can easily start a web-based business. Whether selling products or services, forming a community of like-minded people or providing specialized information, a web developer can easily build a site in a few weeks and upload it to a hosting service.



As with any business start-up, spend some time developing a business plan that considers how to market the site, researching the competition and determining how to win enough customers to earn a living.

Business of Supporting New Technologies

The pace of technology never slows down, and many companies need experts to train and support these new technologies. As a computer science expert, you can market services that assist companies in adopting new technologies.

Businesses need professionals who can train developers and managers in new trends and products. Those who get in on the ground floor of a company that has adopted new technologies can often command high consulting fees.

Best IT Training Institute in Lucknow.

Bets Summer Training in Lucknow.

B.tech Project Training in Lucknow.

Ten typical jobs graduates can do in IT

The IT industry is host to a whole raft of job titles. To help you, we've deciphered ten of the top IT job titles you might encounter when searching for graduate jobs.
To make sure you find the right graduate IT job with the right employer, always check job descriptions carefully when applying so that you understand the skills and responsibilities of the role.


The IT industry is well known for its wide range of job titles which can make it hard for graduates interested in this sector to pin down exactly what people do.

As a job-hunting graduate, chances are you’ve got a lot on your plate so we’ve decoded some of the more common job titles you may come across during your graduate job search. However, pay close attention to the job description of particular positions you apply for. Make note of the key skills and competences wanted, and ask questions at interviews to find out more specific information about what the role will involve day to day. This will ensure that you find the right graduate job in IT with the right employer.

Graduate job 1: Software engineer

Also known as: application programmer, software architect, system programmer/engineer.

This job in brief: The work of a software engineer typically includes designing and programming system-level software: operating systems, database systems, embedded systems and so on. They understand how both software and hardware function. The work can involve talking to clients and colleagues to assess and define what solution or system is needed, which means there’s a lot of interaction as well as full-on technical work. Software engineers are often found in electronics and telecommunications companies. A computing, software engineering or related degree is needed.

Key skills include:

analysis,
logical thinking,
teamwork
attention to detail.

Graduate job 2: Systems analyst

Also known as: product specialist, systems engineer, solutions specialist, technical designer.

This job in brief: Systems analysts investigate and analyse business problems and then design information systems that provide a feasible solution, typically in response to requests from their business or a customer. They gather requirements and identify the costs and the time needed to implement the project. The job needs a mix of business and technical knowledge, and a good understanding of people. It’s a role for analyst programmers to move into and typically requires a few years’ experience from graduation.

Key skills include:

ability to extract and analyse information,
good communication
persuasion
sensitivity.

Graduate job 3: Business analyst

Also known as: business architect, enterprise-wide information specialist.

This job in brief: Business analysts are true midfielders, equally happy talking with technology people, business managers and end users. They identify opportunities for improvement to processes and business operations using information technology. The role is project based and begins with analysing a customer’s needs, gathering and documenting requirements and creating a project plan to design the resulting technology solution. Business analysts need technology understanding, but don’t necessarily need a technical degree.

Key skills include:

communication
presentation
facilitation
project management
problem solving.

Graduate job 4: Technical support

Also known as: helpdesk support, IT support analyst, operations analyst.

This job in brief: These are the professional troubleshooters of the IT world. Many technical support specialists work for hardware manufacturers and suppliers solving the problems of business customers or consumers, but many work for end-user companies supporting, monitoring and maintaining workplace technology and responding to users’ requests for help. Some lines of support require professionals with specific experience and knowledge, but tech support can also be a good way into the industry for graduates.

Key skills include:

wide ranging tech knowledge
problem solving
communication/listening
patience
diplomacy.

Graduate job 5: Network engineer

Also known as: hardware engineer, network designer.

This job in brief: Network engineering is one of the more technically demanding IT jobs. Broadly speaking the role involves setting up, administering, maintaining and upgrading communication systems, local area networks and wide area networks for an organisation. Network engineers are also responsible for security, data storage and disaster recovery strategies. It is a highly technical role and you’ll gather a hoard of specialist technical certifications as you progress. A telecoms or computer science-related degree is needed.

Key skills include:

specialist network knowledge
communication
planning
analysis
problem solving.

Graduate job 6: Technical consultant

Also known as: IT consultant, application specialist, enterprise-wide information specialist.

This job in brief: The term ‘consultant’ can be a tagline for many IT jobs, but typically technical consultants provide technical expertise to, and develop and implement IT systems for, external clients. They can be involved at any or all stages of the project lifecycle: pitching for a contract; refining a specification with the client team; designing the system; managing part or all of the project; after sales support... or even developing the code. A technical degree is preferred, but not always necessary.

Key skills include:

communication
presentation
technical and business understanding
project management
teamwork.

Graduate job 7: Technical sales

Also known as: sales manager, account manager, sales executive.

This job in brief: Technical sales may be one of the least hands-on technical roles, but it still requires an understanding of how IT is used in business. You may sell hardware, or extol the business benefits of whole systems or services. Day to day, the job could involve phone calls, meetings, conferences and drafting proposals. There will be targets to meet and commission when you reach them. A technology degree isn’t necessarily essential, but you will need to have a thorough technical understanding of the product you sell.

Key skills include:

product knowledge
persuasion
interpersonal skills
drive
mobility
business awareness.

Graduate job 8: Project manager

Also known as: product planner, project leader, master scheduler.

This job in brief: Project managers organise people, time and resources to make sure information technology projects meet stated requirements and are completed on time and on budget. They may manage a whole project from start to finish or manage part of a larger ‘programme’. It isn’t an entry-level role: project managers have to be pretty clued up. This requires experience and a good foundation of technology and soft skills, which are essential for working with tech development teams and higherlevel business managers.

Key skills include:

organisation
problem solving
communication
clear thinking
ability to stay calm under pressure.

Graduate job 9: Web developer

Also known as: web designer, web producer, multimedia architect, internet engineer.

This job in brief: Web development is a broad term and covers everything to do with building websites and all the infrastructure that sits behind them. The job is still viewed as the trendy side of IT years after it first emerged. These days web development is pretty technical and involves some hardcore programming as well as the more creative side of designing the user interfaces of new websites. The role can be found in organisations large and small.

Key skills include:

basic understanding of web technologies (client side, server side and databases)
analytical thinking
problem solving
creativity.

Graduate job 10: Software tester

Also known as: test analyst, software quality assurance tester, QA analyst.

This job in brief: Bugs can have a massive impact on the productivity and reputation of an IT firm. Testers try to anticipate all the ways an application or system might be used and how it could fail. They don’t necessarily program but they do need a good understanding of code. Testers prepare test scripts and macros, and analyse results, which are fed back to the project leader so that fixes can be made. Testers can also be involved at the early stages of projects in order to anticipate pitfalls before work begins. You can potentially get to a high level as a tester.

Key skills include:

attention to detail
creativity
organisation
analytical and investigative thinking
communication.

Best IT Training institute in Lucknow.

Summer Training in Lucknow.